Homologous means to have similar structure or relation. This will count as a lab grade a homologous series is a set of organic compounds with the same functional group that vary only by a ch2 group. The physical properties of the members of a homologous series differ with the increase in atomic weight. A homologous series in organic chemistry is a group of organic compounds compounds that contain carbon c atoms that diverge from each other by one methylene ch 2 group. State any four characteristics of a homologous series. A few carbon compounds also exhibit a similar pattern. A series of organic compounds with the same general formula but differ from adjacent members by ch 2 group are referred to as homologous series of compounds. The difference between two consecutive members in their composition is ch 2 unit. Ncert solutions for class 10 science, provides solutions to all the questions asked at the end of every chapter. The number of electrons contributed by an atom for sharing is known as its covalency. This means that the compounds are identical with the exception of the number of ch2 units in the compound. Cbse ncert notes class 10 chemistry carbon and its compounds. There is order in all homologous series with respect to the nomenclature, physical properties and chemical properties. Ncert cbse solutions for class 10 science chapter 4.
So, if the functional group doesnt change, why are homologous series interesting. Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and its. Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and its compounds page 61 or page 68 or page 71 or page 74 or page 76 or exercises in english or 68 or 76 or 79 or 83 or 85 or in to view online or download in pdf. For example, the alkane group contains the ch2 repeating unit. The alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes are examples of homologous series. The homologous series of straightchained alkanes begins methane ch 4, ethane c 2 h 6, propane c 3 h 8, butane c 4 h 10, and pentane c 5 h 12. Homologous series chemistry, class 11, organic chemistry. As the molecular mass increases in any homologous series, a gradation in physical properties is seen. A homologous series refers to a series of carbon compounds which have a different number of carbon atoms.
The solutions given to the questions asked in between the chapter and at the end of the chapter will provide further clarity to the learner about. Jan 16, 2018 cbse class 10 science carbon and its compounds the family of organic compounds have same functional group, similar chemical properties and their successive member differ by a ch2 group, is. Chemistry, class 11, organic chemistry some basic principles and techniques tagged with. Any two adjacent homologous differ by 1 carbon atom and 2 hydrogen atoms in their molecular formula. All the compounds in this series have similar chemical properties but they differ in their physical properties. Similarly, all alkenes belong to a particular homologous series and all alkynes belong to another homologous series. Any two adjacent homologues differ by ch 2 in their molecular formulae all the compounds of a homologous series show similar chemical properties. A group of organic compounds containing same functional group which can be represented by the same general formula and which have similar trends in their properties are called a homologous series. Carbon chains of varying length have been observed in organic compounds having the same general formula. Organic compounds also have functional groups, which define the basic properties of the compound. Such a family of compounds is known as a homologous. This video is highly rated by class 10 students and has been viewed 3071 times. Sep 27, 2019 homologous series is a series of compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can.
Differ by ch 2 in molecular formulae from neighbouring compounds. An homologous series is a group of compounds with similar structural features that can be represented by a general formula whose members differ by one ch 2 unit. Properties of hydrocarbons,carbon and its compounds get topics notes, online test, video lectures, doubts and solutions for cbse class 10 on topperlearning. Properties of homologous series definition, examples. A homologous series is a group or family of organic compounds that has certain characteristics. The defining characteristic of a homologous series is a repeating unit. Dec 15, 2019 all the compounds of a homologous series show similar chemical and physical properties. Oct 20, 2016 mention any two characteristics of homologous series. Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and. Acetic acid is a member of carboxylic acid group and its iupac name is ethanoic acid. Characteristics of homologous series carbon compound youtube.
You can think of an homologous series as a family or group of compounds, whose chemical behaviour is very similar and whose physical properties show trends when ascending the. Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and its compounds intext questions given on page 61 or page 68 or page 71 or page 74 or page 76 or exercises in english updated for academic session 202021. Ncert class 10 science lab manual properties of acetic acid. Homologous series definition a homologous series is a group of organic chemical compounds, usually listed in order of increasing size, that have a similar structure and hence, also similar properties and whose structures differ only by the number of c h 2 units in the main carbon chain. With an increase in molar mass, there is a gradual change in physical properties. A series of organic compounds in which hydrogen in a carbon chain is replaced by the same functional group, is called homologous series. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. This is because the melting points and boiling points increase with increasing molecular mass. All members of a homologous series have the same functional group and thus possess similar chemical properties. Homologous series is a group or a family of hydrocarbons in which the difference between any two successive members is a ch 2 group or 14u mass. Mar 20, 2019 6 the chemical properties of the members of homologous series are similar though the first member may vary considerably from rest of the members. The homologous series has compound with the same general formula and functional group all the compounds of the series have same chemical properties and physical properties with a gradual variation the preparation method of the compounds present in the series remains the same. Chains, branches, rings and homologous series carbon and.
Carbon and its compounds class 10 notes science chapter 4. Significance and properties of the homologous series. They show graduation in physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density or solubility. With one methodology all the compound of the series can be prepared. The preparation method of the compounds present in the series remains the same. Homologous series grade 11 science notes reference notes. Other physical properties such as solubility in a particular solvent also show a similar gradation.
Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with examples. Order in homologous series photograph shows the first members of various homologous series. This is due to the increased relative molecular mass, as each member of the series differs from the previous member by one ch 2 unit. Mention any two characteristics of homologous series. Such organic compounds that vary from one another by a repeating unit and have the same.
But the chemical properties of a homologous series determined by the functional group remain same. Examples of such series are the straightchained alkanes paraffins, and some of their derivatives such as the primary alcohols, aldehydes, and mono carboxylic acids. Homologous series is defined as a systematic order of organic compounds having same functional group that can be represented by same general formula and prepared by same method. The series of carbon compounds in which two successive compounds differ by ch 2 unit is called homologous series. Ncert solutions class 10 science chapter 4 carbon and its. All the members of a homologous series can be represented by a general formula. The homologous series has compound with the same general formula and functional group. All the members of a homologous series can be represented by the same general formula. List four characteristics of homologous series cbse. Ncert class 10 science lab manual properties of acetic.
In this series, a group of compounds share similar basic chemical makeup. Homologous series is a series of compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass. Looking at previous years questions, we suggest that it is a very very important chapter from exam point of view and is asked for at least 67 marks every year, so. Study of functional groups, homologous series, combustion,oxidation, substitution and addition reactions. Notes on functional group and homologous series grade 11. The first two members of the homologous series of alcohol are as follows. Watch properties of hydrocarbons videos tutorials for cbse class 10 chemistry. A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have similar chemical properties and can be represented by a general formula. Introduction acetic acid is a member of carboxylic acid group and its iupac name is ethanoic acid.
Vinegar used in our day to day life is a 58% solution of acetic acid in water. In that series, successive members differ in mass by an extra methylene bridge ch 2 unit inserted in the chain. May 03, 2020 homologous series class 10 video edurev is made by best teachers of class 10. Carbon and its compounds homologous series youtube. The members of the homologous series of the carboxylic acids are found in fruits and in vinegar. The functional group attached to these compounds is alcohol. A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group. There is another classification based on homologous series. Ethanoic acid commonly known as acetic acid belongs to a group of carboxylic acids.
Jan 03, 2018 carbon and its compounds class 10 continuing our series for class 10 revision for cbse board exams, we bring you a new chapter today i. Aug 23, 2017 may 03, 2020 homologous series class 10 video edurev is made by best teachers of class 10. Jun 12, 2017 order in homologous series photograph shows the first members of various homologous series. For example, the boiling points of the alkanes increase down the series, so that the first four members are gases at room temperature and standard pressure. Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 in pdf for. And successive members of homologous series differ from one another in their mass by 14 units. This document is highly rated by class 10 students and has been viewed 6976 times. Significance and properties of the homologous series gulpmatrix.
A family of organic compounds having the same functional group, similar chemical properties and the successive adjacent members differ by a ch 2 unit or 14 mass unit. Properties of hydrocarbons videos cbse class 10 chemistry. A hydrocarbon homologous series is a series of hydrocarbons which. Revise chemistry chapters using videos at topperlearning 381. Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters belong to different homologous series. Carbon and its compounds ncert notes for class 10 download pdf. Changes in physical properties in homologous series. A homologous series is defined as a family or group of structurally similar organic compounds.
May 09, 2020 chains, branches, rings and homologous series carbon and its compounds, class 10, science edurev notes is made by best teachers of class 10. A homologous series in organic chemistry is a group of organic compounds compounds that contain c atoms that differ from each other by one methylene ch 2 group. All the compounds of a homologous series show similar chemical properties. All the compounds of the series have same chemical properties and physical properties with a gradual variation. Dec 15, 20 a homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group. Properties of homologous series definition, examples, diagrams. A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds in which the consecutive compounds differ by a formula of. Looking at previous years questions, we suggest that it is a very very important chapter from exam point of view and is asked for at least 67 marks every year, so you read this thoroughly. Alkanes form a homologous series and so do alkenes. The organisation of organic compounds into the various different homologous series makes the study of organic chemistry more systematic, orderly and effective. Homologous series organic compounds are grouped into different homologous series.
Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with. Natures chemistry homologous series national 5 chemistry. Carbon and its compounds science notes for class 10 formulas download pdf. Choose a functional group aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ketone, amine, or alcohol. Each member of a homologous series is called a homologue. Covalent bond formation involves sharing of electrons between bonding atoms which may be either same or different. The physical properties of the members change gradually as the number of carbon atoms per molecule increases. Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 carbon. Define homologous series homework help mycbseguide. An homologous series is a group of compounds with similar structural features that can be represented by a general formula whose members differ by one ch 2 unit you can think of an homologous series as a family or group of compounds, whose chemical behaviour is very similar and whose physical properties show trends when ascending the members of the group in terms of. For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that are arranged in order of increasing molecular weights, such that they differ from each other by a ch2 methylene group.
Features include a general formula and neighbouring members differing by ch2, with similar chemical properties and with a gradation in physical properties. Aug 20, 2018 what is the homologous series of hydrocarbons what do you mean by homologous series. All the compounds of a homologous series show similar chemical and physical properties. With the increase in molecular mass in a homologous series the physical properties like melting points, boiling points and solubility in a particular solvent increases. Cbse class 10 science carbon and its compounds the family of organic compounds have same functional group, similar chemical properties and their successive member differ by a ch2 group, is. Carbon and its compounds class 10 continuing our series for class 10 revision for cbse board exams, we bring you a new chapter today i. Find data for each member of your homologous series. The members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties. The series like methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and so on is also a homologous series. Materials, unit i, ncert grade 10 chapter 4, carbon compounds, plunges the importance of compounds and their properties to a higher level. Jun 22, 2018 mathematical tables are super interesting. For example, methane, ethane, and propane are part of a homologous series.
The compounds of a particular group have the same functional group which leads to identical chemical properties. The difference in the molecular masses of any two adjacent homologous is 14 units. They demonstrate a stable transform in physical properties from one member to the next. In this chapter, the student will learn about the properties of carbon which makes carbon so important to us. A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having similar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by ch2 group. A series of compounds having similar structural formulae, same functional group and hence similar chemical properties are called homologous series of compounds. The singlering unbranched cycloalkanes form another such series. The physical properties of an homologous series show a trend as the series is ascended. Homologous series and functional groups extramarks. Homologous series is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and same functional group differing from the successive member by ch 2.
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